The Future Is and Isn't Touchscreens

With the invention of the ball mouse in 1972 by Bill English while working for Xerox, computer navigation was changed forever. Instead of external wheels (like a bona fide etch-a-sketch) you could use a single ball and control your cursor to travel in any direction. Soon, the trackball mouse came to pass allowing you to simply move your hand in any direction, including ergonomically placed buttons. These inventions were invented as tools to allow you to indirectly interface humans with a visual representation of 1s and 0s. So would the logical progression move to a more direct way of allowing humans to interface with computers sans the intermediary device?

It would seem that more and more major manufacturers are moving more and more to direct interfacing. Some popular examples of a movement towards touchscreens are the Apple iPhone, Nintendo DS, the Fujitsu Tablet PC, and the Toughbook series by Panasonic. But why are the vast majority of us still using a mouse while the most significant patents and advancements of touchscreen technology were filed during the 70s and 80s, the same time the mouse came to being?

One obvious reason is the cost. Touchscreens are generally around double the cost of conventional monitors. But I'd submit that the main problem is simply with the ergonomics. There is a tremendous strain on human fingers and arms when required to select several different spots on a touchscreen. The hard surface of the screens also cause minor stress on the soft finger tips of humans. Use of a stylus or "pen" can be helpful, but problematic in public settings.

Touchscreens will still always have its own place in a world that is always striving for convenience and coherence. They will continue to be popular for functions that require only a minute of use to perform a task, such as automatic check-in kiosks at airports, Bank ATMs, and point-of-sale kiosks for retail. They will also always find their place in industrial settings where it is not convenient to have a mouse and keyboard at hand. But it is my belief that the vast majority of personal computers will continue to use intermediary devices to decrease the strain and range of motion a person must exert.

Cameron Postelwait is a content manager at Sewell Direct, featuring a wide Touch Screen Monitor selection.

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Overview and Explanation of the VOIP Technology

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the communication of voice through the Internet or other packet switched networks. VoIP is often used theoretically to refer to the actual transmission of voice (rather than the protocol implementing it). VoIP is also known as IP Telephony, Internet telephony, Broadband telephony, Voice over Broadband and Broadband Phone. Voice over IP protocols carry telephonic signals as digital audio, typically reduced in data rate using speech data compression techniques, encapsulated in a data packet stream over IP.

Companies providing VoIP service are commonly referred to as providers, and protocol which are used to carry voice signals over the IP network are commonly referred to as Voice over IP or VoIP protocols. They may be viewed as commercial realizations of the experimental Network Voice Protocol (1973) invented for the ARPANET providers. Some cost savings are due to utilizing a single network to cart voice and data, especially where users have existing underutilized network capacity that can carry VoIP at no additional cost. VoIP to VoIP phone calls are sometimes free, while VoIP to public switched telephone networks, PSTN, may have a cost that is borne by the VoIP user.

Basically there are two types of PSTN to VoIP services: Direct Inward Dialing (DID) and access numbers. DID will connect the caller directly to the VoIP user while access numbers require the caller to input the extension number of the VoIP user.

As UDP (user datagram protocol) does not provide a mechanism to ensure that data packets are delivered in sequential order, or provide Quality of Service (known as QoS) guarantees, VoIP implementations face problems dealing with latency and jitter. This is true when satellite circuits are involved, due to long round trip broadcast delay (400 milliseconds to 600 milliseconds for geostationary satellite). The receiving node must restructure IP packets that may be out of order, delayed or missing, while ensuring that the audio stream maintains a proper time consistency. This functionality is usually accomplished by means of a jitter buffer in the voice engine.

Landline phones are connected directly to telephone company phone lines, which in the event of a power failure are kept functioning by back-up generators or batteries located at the telephone exchange. However, household VoIP hardware uses broadband modems and other equipment powered by household electricity, which may be subject to outages in the absence of an uninterruptible power supply or generator. Early adopters of VoIP may also be users of other phone equipment, such as PBX and cordless phone bases, which rely on power not provided by the telephone company. Even with local power still available, the broadband carrier itself may experience outages as well. While the PSTN has been matured over decades and is typically reliable, most broadband networks are less than 10 years old, and even the best are still subject to intermittent outages. Furthermore, consumer network technologies such as cable and DSL often are not subject to the same restoration service levels as the PSTN or business technologies such as T-1 connection.

More information on VOIP technologies can be found at http://voipable.com.

Mike Smits

http://Voipable.com

VOIP Info for all your needs!

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Overview and Explanation of the VOIP Technology

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the communication of voice through the Internet or other packet switched networks. VoIP is often used theoretically to refer to the actual transmission of voice (rather than the protocol implementing it). VoIP is also known as IP Telephony, Internet telephony, Broadband telephony, Voice over Broadband and Broadband Phone. Voice over IP protocols carry telephonic signals as digital audio, typically reduced in data rate using speech data compression techniques, encapsulated in a data packet stream over IP.

Companies providing VoIP service are commonly referred to as providers, and protocol which are used to carry voice signals over the IP network are commonly referred to as Voice over IP or VoIP protocols. They may be viewed as commercial realizations of the experimental Network Voice Protocol (1973) invented for the ARPANET providers. Some cost savings are due to utilizing a single network to cart voice and data, especially where users have existing underutilized network capacity that can carry VoIP at no additional cost. VoIP to VoIP phone calls are sometimes free, while VoIP to public switched telephone networks, PSTN, may have a cost that is borne by the VoIP user.

Basically there are two types of PSTN to VoIP services: Direct Inward Dialing (DID) and access numbers. DID will connect the caller directly to the VoIP user while access numbers require the caller to input the extension number of the VoIP user.

As UDP (user datagram protocol) does not provide a mechanism to ensure that data packets are delivered in sequential order, or provide Quality of Service (known as QoS) guarantees, VoIP implementations face problems dealing with latency and jitter. This is true when satellite circuits are involved, due to long round trip broadcast delay (400 milliseconds to 600 milliseconds for geostationary satellite). The receiving node must restructure IP packets that may be out of order, delayed or missing, while ensuring that the audio stream maintains a proper time consistency. This functionality is usually accomplished by means of a jitter buffer in the voice engine.

Landline phones are connected directly to telephone company phone lines, which in the event of a power failure are kept functioning by back-up generators or batteries located at the telephone exchange. However, household VoIP hardware uses broadband modems and other equipment powered by household electricity, which may be subject to outages in the absence of an uninterruptible power supply or generator. Early adopters of VoIP may also be users of other phone equipment, such as PBX and cordless phone bases, which rely on power not provided by the telephone company. Even with local power still available, the broadband carrier itself may experience outages as well. While the PSTN has been matured over decades and is typically reliable, most broadband networks are less than 10 years old, and even the best are still subject to intermittent outages. Furthermore, consumer network technologies such as cable and DSL often are not subject to the same restoration service levels as the PSTN or business technologies such as T-1 connection.

More information on VOIP technologies can be found at http://voipable.com.

Mike Smits

http://Voipable.com

VOIP Info for all your needs!

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